Human papillomavirus, or HPV, is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It can affect both women and men and often causes no symptoms. That means a person can have HPV and pass it to someone else without knowing it. Some types cause genital warts, while others, considered high-risk types, are associated with several forms of cancer.

Prevention starts with clear information. HPV can spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact during vaginal, anal or oral sex. Using a condom correctly every time can reduce the risk, although it does not provide complete protection because the virus may be present on areas a condom does not cover. Being in a mutually monogamous relationship can also reduce the chance of exposure.

Vaccination is another important prevention tool. The CDC recommends HPV vaccination through age 26 for people who were not adequately vaccinated earlier. Between ages 27 and 45, some adults may consider vaccination after talking with a health care professional about their individual risk and potential benefit. The vaccine helps prevent new infections, but it does not eliminate an HPV infection that is already present.

For men, there is another challenge: there is no approved routine screening test equivalent to the cervical HPV testing used for women. That makes prevention and medical consultation even more important.

If you notice warts, lesions, skin changes or any unusual symptoms in the genital, anal or oral area, avoid self-treatment and see a health care professional.

Taking care of yourself also means talking openly with your partner, using protection and asking your doctor whether the vaccine is appropriate for you. HPV can go unnoticed, but prevention can significantly reduce the risks associated with the infection.